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m10 (particulate matter < 10µm)
Actions on PM10 (Particulate Matter < 10µm) emissions
Historically, interest in particulate matter focused mainly on smoke which can cause health problems especially in combination with other pollutants. However, recent epidemiological evidence is also linking concentrations of particles in the atmosphere with human health effects. Particles can vary widely in size and composition. The PM10 (particles measuring 10µm or less) standard was designed to identify those particles likely to be inhaled by humans, and PM10 has become the generally accepted measure of particulate material in the atmosphere in the UK and in Europe. The main sources of primary PM10 are road transport (all road transport emits PM10, but diesel vehicles emit a greater mass of particulate per vehicle kilometre), stationary combustion (domestic coal combustion has traditionally been the major source of particulate emissions in the UK) and industrial processes (including bulk handling, construction, mining and quarrying). Emissions of PM10 from the UK have declined since 1970. This is due mainly to the reduction in coal use. Emissions in the domestic and commercial sector have fallen from 245 ktonnes (50% of the total emission) in 1970 to 19 ktonnes (14%) in 2007.